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THERMODYNAMICS

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work. The behavior of these quantities is governed by the four laws of thermodynamics, irrespective of the composition or specific properties of the material or system in question.  The laws of thermodynamics are explained in terms of macroscopic constituents by statistical mechanics.  Thermodynamics applies to a wide variety of topics in science and engineering, especially physical chemistry, chemical engineering and mechanical engineering.

Historically, thermodynamics developed out of a desire to increase the efficiency of early steam engines, particularly through the work of French physicist Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1824) who believed that engine efficiency was the key that could help France win the Napoleonic Wars. Scottish physicist Lord Kelvin was the first to formulate a concise definition of thermodynamics in 1854 which stated, "Thermo-dynamics is the subject of the relation of heat to forces acting between contiguous parts of bodies, and the relation of heat to electrical agency."

The initial application of thermodynamics to mechanical heat engines was extended early on to the study of chemical compounds and chemical reactions. Chemical thermodynamics studies the nature of the role of entropy in the process of chemical reactions and has provided the bulk of expansion and knowledge of the field. Other formulations of thermodynamics emerged in the following decades. Statistical thermodynamics, or statistical mechanics, concerned itself with statistical predictions of the collective motion of particles from their microscopic behavior. In 1909, Constantin Carathéodory presented a purely mathematical approach to the field in his axiomatic formulation of thermodynamics, a description often referred to as geometrical thermodynamics.

The Liber Abaci Institute has a complementary perspective of the thermodynamics based principally on the dynamo theory, on the present understanding of gravity with the Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity and on the quantum gravity field. The Institute will show with natural evidence a deeper reality of the heat, plasma or electricity through the ISIS free energy system that is the end of global warming, the solution for a massive solar storm and a way to get free energy from natural plasma.

The site will show an introduction to thermodynamics and the ISIS free energy system.

Liber Abaci Thermodynamics (website link)